The Importance Of Physical Education For Individuals With...

This program, often called â€Å"child find†, requires parental permission before professionals can evaluate a student. After a formal evaluation of the student an Individual Education Plan (IEP) would be made. Parents must provide written consent to the plan before it is implemented. IDEA covers everything from autism to deaf and blindness to learning disabilities. In some cases, the plan made by IDEA involves transferring the student to a special education classroom. Special education by definition means â€Å"specially designed instruction, at no cost to parents, to meet the unique needs of an individual with a disability. This could mean but is not limited to instruction conducted in the classroom, at home, in a hospital, or another setting. Also, instruction in Physical Education† (Campbell et al., 2012). Physical Education is the only specific area mentioned in the definition of special education. IDEA defines physical education for individuals with disabilities a s: 1. The development of a. Physical and motor fitness b. Fundamental motor skills and patterns c. Skills in aquatics, dance, and individual and group games and sports (including intermural and lifetime sports) 2. Occurring through special physical education, adapted physical education, movement education, and motor development (Campbell et al., pg 142) Often times the term inclusion is associated with children with physical disabilities. Inclusion can be defined as â€Å"A philosophy of acceptance that supportsShow MoreRelatedCommunity Participation And Social Inclusion1493 Words   |  6 Pageson the participation of many disadvantaged groups, such as people with disability. Studies from the General Social Survey indicate that on average, people with disability are 15% less likely to participate in sport than the overall population. 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Not every person is the same, and treating a person in the exact same way as everyone else may not be the best way to help show that persons individuality. 1.2 Describe the importance of recognisingRead MoreLevel 3 Diploma998 Words   |  4 Pageslife; * Education; poor education could effect future goals and aspirations * Disability; unable to access certain services or activities * Poverty; poor health and hygiene, lack of activities and experiences being accessed * Housing; poor health, unable to develop fully. * Offending behaviour; convictions, effecting social ties and job opportunities * Health status; effect social ties, education, job opportunities * Personal choice; effect social ties, education, job opportunitiesRead MoreLife Science Research Papers724 Words   |  3 PagesTurkish Life Science Textbooks for Grades 1st-3rd in Terms of Disability: A Content Analysis Background and Purpose of the Study Approximately 13% of all students have disabilities (Theoharris Causton, 2014). For students with disabilities, accessing to general education have increased. According to The Turkish Ministry of National Education (MEB) statistics (2010), in 2006, there were 54,309 students with disabilities attended general education, and this number raised to 201,142 in 2016 (MEB, 2016).Read MoreSocial Determinants of Health Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pageselements than just the physical well-being of a person. This is partly attributed to various researches and studies that have taken place around the world in the last 60 years. Already in 1948, the World Health Organization declared that health is â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.† Since then, various studies have expanded on that definitaion to demonstarte that there is more more to health than mere physical fitness. 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Indeed, the special education system allowed children with disability increased access to public education. Apart from that, the special education system has provided for them an effective framework for their education, and for the institutions involved to identify children with disability sooner. In turn, thisRead MoreThe Diversity Of Physical Education1528 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent backgrounds and experiences. The key to overcoming this obstacle is to recognize that every individual is distinctive and understand that although everyone is different, everyone has the same equal opportunity to learn and grow despite these differences. All professions deal with issues surrounding diversity, but especially in the profession of physical education. 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Tragic Heroes in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman and...

Tragic Heroes in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Dramatists such as Aristotle started to write a series of plays called tragedies. They were as follows: the play revolved around a great man such as a king or war hero, who possessed a tragic flaw. This flaw or discrepancy would eventually become his downfall. These types of plays are still written today, for example, Arthur Millers Death of Salesman and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House. Death of Salesman shows the downfall of the modern tragic hero, Willy Loman, a middle class working man. Nora, in A Dolls House displays that characteristics of a tragic hero, in that she shows potential for greatness, but is stifled by her society. Willy Loman†¦show more content†¦Sadly, his overzealous attempts serve only to reinforce his sons inadequacy and lack of identity. Willy realizes toward the end of the play that he doesnt need to sell himself to his family, who loves him despite his failings. His suicide, an act of defiance of the system, which until now has defeated him, is also a tr agic attempt to salvage something of his dream. Willys readiness to lay down his life to secure his dream that makes Willy a tragic yet heroic figure and one to whom in Lindas words, attention must be paid finally. According to Miller, the tragic feeling is evoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who is ready t put his life aside, if necessary, to secure one thing, his sense of personal dignity (Para 3, Miller). He is saying in this quotation that even the common man can even be tragic because occasionally the one thing that he prizes the most, his sense of self dignity can be so jaded that he would rather die than except his failure. I think the tragic feeling is evoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who is ready to lay down his life (Para 4, Miller). Perhaps Miller is correct, the reader sympathisizes with Willy because he is so passionate about his self preservation and pride. Willy was ready to throw his life away to be a well -liked man and suc cessful being. He did not want to accept the fact that he failed in his occupation, so he refused to ever acknowledge his dying career. In the end his fate was thatShow MoreRelatedThe Changing Relationship Between Individual and Society in Modern Drama3272 Words   |  14 Pageslived. The Norwegian playwright, Henrik Ibsen, who wrote in the last half of the 19th Century, broached the subject from a rather feminist angle, stipulating that it was wrong to view an individual woman as a nonentity without rights outside the role of motherhood or marriage; In the 1930s and 40s, German-born writer Bertolt Brecht, produced a series of plays following ideologies common of Nihilist and later Marxist values; Following the second world war, Arthur Miller wrote to American audiences

Sports Essay Sports as a major leisure spectator activity Free Essays

ABSTRACT Sports play a vital role in modern contemporary society. It is an integral part of life essential for the physical and mental well-being of individuals. More recently, sport has become a major leisure activity globally (Houlihan, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Essay: Sports as a major leisure spectator activity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its prominence in the media which devotes considerable more coverage has significantly contributed to sports as a major leisure spectator activity. This essay explores on sports as a major leisure spectator activity. Further, it examines the various ways through which sports impact on modern day leisure life. INTRODUCTION Sports play a vital role in modern contemporary society. It is an integral part of life essential for the physical and mental well-being of individuals (Craig Beedie, 2008). Not only is it a physical activity but also an area where people socially interact. Maguire et al (2002) suggested that sport and leisure activities are an integral part of social life and that they are intricately linked to politics and the society. For most people, sports play a fundamental role whether as passive spectators or active participants. Generally, sports has been praised for its numerous benefits which include: bridging the cultural and ethnic divides, improving on health and fitness, creating opportunities for employments and businesses to flourish, fostering teamwork and fair competition, contributing to the cross cultural dialogue and ensuring peaceful-coexistence (Levenson Christensen, 1996). LITERATURE There is a small but growing body of sociological literature with reference to sports as a spectator activity. At present the coverage in sports sociology, in particular the spectator phenomenon is still sketchy and thin, with many residual areas still unexplored. Relatively few studies have explored extensively on professional sports as the major spectator activity in the modern society. Ascertaining the various factors that motivate individuals to watch sports remains a practical and theoretical challenge for researchers and sports practitioners (Laker, 2002). Studies by James Ridinger (2002), Bilyeu Wann (2002) and Wann Ensor (2001) examined the effect of demographic characteristics such as race and gender on the outcome of spectator sports, whilst Wann Wilson (1999a) and Wann, Schrader Wilson (1999) explored on the motivation patterns and how motivation is related to the preference of the type of sporting activity. The general impression is that research into sports sociology in the modern contemporary society has been sketchy. This essay thus significantly contributes to the research topic by discussing the different ways through which professional sport has impacted upon the modern day leisure life. MAIN ARGUMENT More recently, sport has become a major leisure activity globally (Houlihan, 2008). Its prominence in the media which devotes considerable more coverage has significantly contributed to sports as a major leisure spectator activity (Jarvie, 2006). Research has identified that a vast number of people attend to sporting events. There is a wide variety of sports which cater for a large number of spectators. Some are minority or class based sports such as rugby, golf and yachting while others such as football appeal to majority tastes (Coakley Pike, 2009). Britain today is very much shaped around leisure, sport in particular (Coakley Pike, 2009). The most common professional spectator sports in Britain are football, golf, rugby, hockey, badminton, tennis, cycling, motor racing and swimming (Coakley Dunning, 2002). Professional football, however, is by far the most popular spectator sport in Britain. Reading about sports or watching games on big screens or at the stadium has become more prevalent in today’s society. This represents a predominant form of leisure behaviour in the modern society. IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL SPORTS UPON MODERN DAY LEISURE LIFE Professional sports have impacted upon the modern day leisure life in a variety of ways. Firstly, professional football has led to people visiting clubs and the local pubs to watch football along with other fans (Coakley, 2007). According to the Mintel database which provides data on the consumer market in the UK and the leisure trends, most people choose to go to the pubs to watch football activities on weekends. Many of the British people love sports and visiting the pubs to watch football is an important part of their life. Sports have therefore transformed pubs to become social institutions which cater for diverse ethnic groups who meet to share the same interest. The pub has thus become Britain’s most envied and imperfectly imitated institution as sports lovers gather on neutral grounds and enjoy their leisure time watching football. Most of the football fans would visit clubs and pubs to watch popular matches such as a match between West Ham United vs Manchester United. Secondly, sports have led to people queuing outside Wimbledon events, world’s most prestigious tennis tournament, to watch matches between the best tennis players ever witnessed in history. People could choose to queue outside Wimbledon events to watch England’s defending champion Raphael Nadal beat Andy Murray. According to Coakley Pike (2009), Since its inception in 1877, wimbledon has become a famous tennis tournament globally with players from over 60 countries and is widely watched by millions of fans worldwide. In the UK, tickets for Wimbledon are always on demand. Given the fierce demand by spectators to watch wimbledon events, the club now operates on a lottery for advanced sales. The ticket prices normally range at ?29-?100 and sell out months in advance. The long queues for Wimbledon events represent a predominant form of leisure behaviour in the Britain. Thirdly, among the most prominent professional sports in the UK is rugby football which is quite popular in winter pastime and is widely watched in (Britain Hargreaves, 1994). It is divided into two categories, namely: the rugby union and rugby league (Cashmore, 2010). Rugby union is confined to amateur clubs and is often exclusively a public school influenced game (Cashmore, 2010). In 1995, it became more professional and now covers a wider social spectrum. On the other hand, rugby league comprise of professional teams and extends to a working class sport (Craig Beedie, 2008). A vast number of Britons are seen booking for tickets at Wembley delight for only ?10 to watch popular matches (Donnelly, 2008). Over the weekends, these Britons would book to watch popular matches such as Warrington VS Wigan. This shows that professional sport is quickly impacting on modern day leisure life with a large number booking for tickets to watch rugby games. Cricket is also popular in the Great Britain. It is a summer sport in Britain and is both a professional and amateur sport (Craig Beedie, 2008). The professional sport is largely confined to welsh and English county sides of the country (Craig Beedie, 2008). Some of the Britons spend their leisure time watching cricket either at a local pub, restaurant, or club. Others prefer attending cricket matches at the stadium where they book for tickets in advance. It should however be noted that, attendance at cricket matches has overtime been declining and that this contemporary game has lost some of its attractiveness and is in the danger of becoming a minority sport (Collins, 2008). Cricket has moved in overly professional and money dominated directions and is quickly losing its many spectators (Craig Beedie, 2008). Certainly, professional sports play an integral part in the British life. This is evident from the huge numbers that attend to sporting events or watch from the pubs, hotels, restaurants, clubs or back at home. In the UK tickets are fast selling for the British open golf championship 2011 tournament which will be held on the famous links land course of Royal St. Georges (Cashmore, 2000). Watching golf’s elite compete in this tournament is quite a thrill to a number of British fans. Witnessing superstars tackle each other is a once in a life time opportunity for a number of British fans hence the huge numbers for the golf tickets. Research has identified that professional sports has become a major spectator activity in the UK as well as globally. In a number of ways, professional sports have shaped the modern day leisure life as shown from above where people may go to clubs to watch football, attend Wimbledon events, secure tickets to watch rugby at the stadium, attend to golf championship tournaments, or watch cricket at the local pub, restaurant or hotel. Additionally, others may opt to read the sports magazines such as UK’s biggest selling weekly football magazine and newspapers to get an update on sports. Undoubtedly, sports have become a major spectator activity. It should however be noted that sports is still marred by inequalities. Sports, in Britain and around the globe, are generally male dominated. Whilst, sport is male dominated, women opt for the fitness class sector with popular activities such as yoga, circuit training and aerobics (Coakley, 2007). Nonetheless, the professional sporting industry has become very lucrative and is closely associated with brand merchandizing, sponsorship schemes, non-sport sales and television incomes. Despite being a leisure activity, the local and national businesses are reaping benefits by tailoring their services in line with the particular sporting event (Coakley, 2007). CONCLUSION Watching sports either at a local pub, club, restaurant or hotel represents a predominant form of leisure behaviour in the modern times. Media has significantly contributed to sports by devoting a wider coverage on sporting activities and events in the UK and around the globe. Clearly, professional sports have become a major spectator activity. Their impacts on modern day leisure life are profound. REFERENCE Bilyeu, J., Wann, D. (2002). An investigation of racial differences in sport fan motivation. International Sports Journal, 6(2), 93-106 Cashmore, E., (2010) Making Sense of Sport, London: Routledge. Cashmore, E., (ed) (2000) Sports Culture: An A-Z Guide, London: Routledge. Coakley, J., (2007) Sport in Society: Issues and Controversies, Boston: McGraw-Hill. Coakley, J. Dunning, E. (2002) Handbook of Sports Studies, London: Sage. Coakley, J. Pike, E. (2009) Sport in Society: Issues and Controvercies [UK edition], Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill. Collins, M. (2008) ‘Social Exclusion from Sport and Leisure’, in B. Houlihan (ed.) Sport Society: a student introduction, London: Sage, pp. 77-105 Craig, P. Beedie, P. (2008), Sport Sociology, Exeter: Learning Matters, pp. 43-52. Donnelly, P. (2008) ‘Sport and Social Theory’, in B. Houlihan (ed.) Sport Society: a student introduction, London: Sage, pp. 11-32. Hargreaves, J. (1994) Sporting Females: Critical issues in the History and Sociology of Women’s Sports, London: Routledge. Houlihan, B. (2008) Sport Society: A Student Introduction, London: Sage. James, J., Ridinger, L. (2002). Female and male sport fans: A comparison of sport consumption motives. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25(3), 260-278. Jarvie, G. (2006) Sport, Culture and Society: An Introduction, London: Routledge. Laker, A. (2002) The Sociology of Sport and Physical Education, London: Routledge. Levenson, D. Christensen, K. (1996) Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present, Volume One, Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. Maguire, J., Jarvie, G., Mansfield, L., Bradley, J., (2002) Sports Worlds: A Sociological Perspective, Champaign: Human Kinetics. Wann, D., Ensor, C. (2001). Family motivation and a more accurate classification of preferences for aggressive sport. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 92, 603-605 Wann, D., Schrader, M., Wilson, A. (1999). Sport fan motivation: Questionnaire validation, comparisons by sport, and relationship to athletic motivation. Journal of Sport Behavior, 22(1), 114-139. Wann, D., Wilson, A. (1999a). Relationship between aesthetic motivation and preferences for aggressive and nonaggressive sports. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 89, 931-934 How to cite Sports Essay: Sports as a major leisure spectator activity, Essay examples